Forests are critical for sustainable development, environment and also for livelihood. They provide a wealth of goods and services that are essential for people's lives, cash income and green economy. Maintaining and enhancing our planet's forest resources is essential if we are to succeed in the global efforts to alleviate poverty, address water scarcity and biodiversity loss, and mitigate climate change. Culturally and historically, the intrinsic value of forests, and the spiritual and sacred use of forests have great importance to local communities and our cultural identity. This book on Sustainable Forestry: Emerging Challenges, written by experienced academicians, scientists and other researchers shows the present ongoing initiatives in the country to address sustainable forestry and its management. An estimated 230 million people in India rely on forests for their livelihoods to some degree, including some 60 million indigenous people and other forest-dwelling communities. While more than two billion people - the developing world's population use fodder, biomass fuels, mainly firewood, to cook food and large number of non-timber forest products for their day-to-day needs.