Bengal witnessed a lot of sociological, cultural, and political changes in the 20th century. Anti-British nationalist movements led by the Bengali ‘intelligence’ as well as the revolutionary movement guided by the extremists created a new dimension in the Bengali psyche. The whole territory of Bengal; including West Bengal, Bangladesh, Bihar, and Odisha was under one umbrella. The Bengal Partition of 1905 somehow created some divisions according to the religious and linguistic facets. The anti-partition movement of Bengal manifested a fresh cultural awakening in Calcutta and its surroundings. The creation of literary works, dramas, songs, paintings, and other folklore influenced society to a large extent. Participation of women and students created a new zeal for every aspect of society.