Biodiversity is a key factor in maintaining balance of nature and it also provides a large number of goods and services which sustain human lives. Rich biodiversity is wealth of any nation. The present volume “Biodiversity of Horticultural Crops (Vol. VI)” has 14 chapters authored by 36 scientists of various institutes which covers various aspects of biodiversity. It carries two preambles one on Biological Diversity Act-2002 and National Biodiversity Authority-2003 and second on Delhi Declaration on Agrobiodiversity Management. The chapter 1 and 2 carry information on biological diversity and assessment of endemism and biovarsity among 34 hotspots of the world. Chapter 3 to 14 deal with biodiversity in underutilized fruits of arid region, acid lime, banana in Tripura, pear, cluster bean, kale, onion, ridge gourd, large cardamom, cocoa, African oil palm and Genomics of oil palm. It is hoped that this volume will be interest of students, teachers, researchers, ecoplanners, botanists, agriculturists, policy makers and all amateurs and professional having concern with horticultural crops.