This book aims to offer the state-of-the-art reviews, current research and the future developments of biomass conversion to bioenergy for clean environment and biofuels. The production of bioenergy and biofuels from biomass (Green Chemistry Approach) towards the biomass conversion and the common examples of biofuels are biobutanol, bioethanol, and biodiesel. Biobutanol continuously draws the attention of researchers and industrialists because of its several advantages such as high energy contents, high hydrophobicity, good blending ability, and because it does not require modification in present combustion engines, and is less corrosive than other biofuels. Industrialization and globalization increasing conventional energy convention, causing numerous fluctuations in our ecosystem which increased level of heavy metals and other pollutants in environment. This book is intended to serve as a valuable reference/text for academic and industrial professionals engaged in research and development activities in the emerging field of biomass conversion and bioenergy production for sustainable clean environment. Introductory level to attract newcomers including senior undergraduate and postgraduate students. Since this book is the first of its kind devoted solely to biomass conversion, it is hoped that it will be sought after by a broader technical audience. The book may even be adopted as a textbook/reference book for researchers pursuing bioenergy technology courses that deal with biomass conversion to bioenergy.