The beautiful and vibrant characters of ornamental fishes attract people towards the living aquatic jewels. About ninety per cent of the ornamental fishes, exported from India, comprise of freshwater fish species which are caught from wild region of NE India. Their judicious collection, captive farming, artificial mass production and their trade have not been done optimally to the possible level. India is having vast freshwater aquatic resources that have great potentialities for the development and promotion of ornamental fish farming. The detailed knowledge on biology of indigenous freshwater ornamental fishes such as identification, characterization, general biology, breeding, food and feeding habit, etc. is of paramount importance to fill up the deficiency existing in terms of academic knowledge and entrepreneurship development. How fast they grow, how often they reproduce, what is their optimum size and age at which they breed and what they prey upon, are required to be understood for the development of successful entrepreneurship. This book gives detail information on identifying characters, colours, basic biology, breeding and feeding biology of the important freshwater indigenous ornamental fishes of India. The book describes a total of 152 fish species under 8 orders, 27 families. Maximum fish species are from Cyprinidae family (52 species), followed by Nemacheilidae (13 species), Sisoridae (13 species), Bagridae (11 species), Erethistidae (9 species), Cobitidae (8 species) and so on. This book will serve as a guide for students, teachers, scientists, research scholars, traders and entrepreneurs in understanding overall biology of indigenous ornamental freshwater fishes.