This book, running into two volumes, seeks to examine the different aspects of Buddhist studies. Volume One re-examines historical personalities like Bimbisara, Ajatashatru, Pushyamitra Sunga and Asoka. It also goes deep into the history of Chalukyas and discusses in detail the historical movement in Therigatha, spread of Buddhism in India from 6th century BC to 7th century ACE, Pali language and its exposition, three Buddhist Councils, edicts of King Asoka, Buddhist inscriptions in Kutch, and poetics in Pali literature. Volume Two deals with mendicancy and philosophy, covering all disciplinary rules of nuns, origin of Chabbaggiyas, Bodhisattva ideal, Buddha and miracles, suffering as expounded by early disciples of Buddha, eschatological ideas and euthesia in Buddhism. It also explains social and medical factors such as female reformers in the Buddhist period, the position of women as reflected in literature, Theravada educational system, ancient Indian medicine and surgery, and surgical instruments in ancient India