In India it is very important to strengthen the contributory pension arrangements for the persons in their active age group to supplement the informal system of income in their old age. The book has examined all the available contributory pension schemes (CPS) including provident fund schemes and suggested ways by which we can extend the coverage of subscribers in these schemes. The book was started with some lessons from developed and developing countries followed by changing trends in economy, demography, elderly population, and evolution of National Pension System in India. It has also discussed the social and community services expenditure by Central and State Governments. Ongoing contributory pension schemes in India have been classified and discussed under three pillars. Pillar I includes mandated public pension plans that are publicly managed with Government contributions. Pillar 2 includes mandated occupational pension funded by subscribers and employers covered under certain Act. Pillar 3 includes the schemes which are voluntary and funded by subscribers or employers or Government. After analyzing the schemes, the book has also given the factors affecting the growth of these contributory pension schemes. At the end summary and recommendations are given.