The present book 'Dalits-Economy and Society: A Study of Tamil Nadu' is the research report submitted to the ICSSR for the award of ICSSR- Mahatma Gandhi National Fellowship (1st July 2014 to 30th June 2016). It is an unprecedented Scholarly work by the author at the Department of Economics, University of Madras. This is the pioneering research work conducted by the author and he took pains to collect the data for Tamil Nadu. It is hoped that this study will pave the way for conducting similar studies in future by Scholars belonging to different states in India. This study attempts to examine the core issues relating the Dalits (Scheduled Castes) on socio-economic problems and how far they are able to come up in the socio-economic ladder despite the fact that several crores of rupees have been spent for the past seven decades of independence. The important issues addressed to in this work are: 1. Land, caste and gender, 2. Occupational diversification, 3. Educational Status, 4. Health and consumption expenditure, 5. Scheduled Caste Sub-Plan and 6. Atrocities on Scheduled Castes.