With the help of the old Aryan language (Sanskrit) preserved in India over thousands of years ago, European scholars have made great contributions from one of the most brilliant chapters in the ealry history of the advancement of human knowledge. The present author has made an effort to give a sketch of that history spaning from the Vedic Period to the Epic Period and the Rationalistic Period (B.C. 1000-320). The book contains twenty six chapters in total where each chapter has been examined very critically. Starting from the time of Indo-Aryans and the marvelous literature left by them, the book is designed to incorporate the different aspects of Vedic Period (B.C. 2000-1400). The literature social and political life of the Epic Period (B.C. 1400-1000) has also been dealt with critically. The author has finally examined the Rationalistic Period