Early Tangkhul Naga Ecological and Social History” explores the Tangkhul society’s historical development through the lens of time, emphasising the interplay between ecological dynamics, social structures, and cultural transformations. Focused on the Ukhrul Hills district of Manipur in north-eastern India, the book delves into the Tangkhul people’s rich cultural heritage, particularly examining their metaphorical understanding of time as a key to comprehending their ecological and social history. The early Tangkhul society, deeply connected to its natural environment, practiced sustainable agriculture, combining permanent terraces, and shifting cultivation. Their intricate knowledge of the local ecology allowed for the responsible use of diverse resources from lush forests and fertile lands. However, contemporary challenges, including deforestation, urbanisation, and globalisation, pose threats to their ecological and social fabric. The Tangkhul people’s social history reveals a traditional hunter-gatherer society with a patrilineal structure, clan- based organisation, and a vital role for women in various domains. The encounter with British colonial administration and subsequent conversion to Christianity during the 19th Century significantly impacted their social structures. The book employs an interdisciplinary approach, incorporating historical analysis, ethnographic studies, and cultural and ecological perspectives. The ecological history of the Tangkhul people showcases their sustainable practices, while the social history highlights their adaptive resilience amid external influences. The theoretical framework encompasses concepts like ecology, possibilism,and historical, cultural, and political ecology. The Tangkhul cultural ecology exemplifies possibilism, showcasing their adaptive capacity within environmental constraints. Additionally, political ecology provides insights into how power dynamics and external forces influence environmental issues