CONTENTS the book are very relevant to the competitive examinations and most of the previous year question asked in different exams had been incorporated. This book fulfils the need of a good reference-cum text book for the student community. We express our sincere thanks to scientists & seniors from CSA University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur for their inputs in terms of material collection, compilation and correction. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information collected from various sources such as individuals, institutions, organizations and publications are accurate. We hope that this book will be a useful reference material for the teachers, practitioners and students searching their careers in ICAR Institutes, Indian agriculture and horticulture universities, State Agriculture/Horticulture Department and for competitions like State Public Services/UPSE/ARS/JRF/SRF/NET along with entrance examination for B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. Degree in Horticulture. We hope that this effort will help the readers in their endeavours. All the suggestions in making the book further informative are always welcome.