Genocide and Gender in the Twentieth Century brings together a collection of some of the finest Genocide Studies scholars in North America and Europe to examine gendered discourses, practices and experiences of ethnic cleansing and genocide in the 20th century. It includes essays focusing on the genocide in Rwanda, the Armenian genocide in the Ottoman Empire, the Holocaust and ethnic cleansing and genocide in the former Yugoslavia. The book looks at how historically- and culturally-specific ideas about reproduction, biology, and ethnic, national, racial and religious identity contributed to the possibility for and the unfolding of genocidal sexual violence, including mass rape. The book also considers how these ideas, in conjunction with discourses of femininity and masculinity, and understandings of female and male identities, contributed to perpetrators' tools and strategies for ethnic cleansing and genocide, as well as victims' experiences of these processes. This is an ideal text for any student looking to further understand the crucial topic of gender in genocide studies. Table of contents Notes on the Contributors Acknowledgments Introduction: Gender Matters Amy E. Randall (Santa Clara University, USA) Part I -- Gendered Experiences of Genocide 1. 'Gender and the Holocaust: Male and Female Experiences of Auschwitz' Lisa Pine (London South Bank University, UK) 2. 'Masculinities and Vulnerabilities in the Rwandan and Congolese Genocides' Adam Jones (University of British Columbia, Canada) Part II – Sexual Violence and Mass Rape 3. 'Exposed Bodies: A Conceptual Approach to Sexual Violence During the Armenian Genocide' Anthonie Holslag (Independent Scholar, The Netherlands) 4. 'An Exceptional Genocide? Sexual Violence in the Holocaust' Zoë Waxman (University of Oxford, UK) 5. 'Constructions of Identity and Sexual Violence in Wartime: The Case of Bosnia' Patricia Weitsman (Ohio State University, USA) 6. 'Rape as a Weapon of Genocide: Gender, Patriarchy, and Sexual Violence in the Rwanda' Jennie Burnet (University of Louisville, USA) Part III – Gender and Complicity 7. 'Ordinary Masculinity: Gender Analysis and Holocaust Scholarship' Stephen Haynes (Rhodes College, USA) 8. 'Women as Perpetrators: Agency and Authority in Genocidal Rwanda' Nicole Hogg (International Committee of the Red Cross, Switzerland) and Mark Drumbl (Washington and Lee University, USA) Part IV – Post-Genocidal Trauma and Memory 9. 'The Biopolitics of “Rescue”: Women and the Politics of Inclusion after the Armenian Genocide' Lerna Ekmekcioglu (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA) 10. 'Wartime Rape and its Shunned Victims' Olivera Simic (Griffith University, Australia) 11.'Distortions in Survivor Narratives from Srebrenica: The Impossibility of Conveying Their Truth', Selma Leydesdorff (University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands) Part V –Genocide Studies, Prevention and International Law 12. 'Making Sense of Genocide, Making Sense of Law: International Criminal Prosecutions of Large-Scale Sexual Violence' Doris Buss (Carleton University, Canada) 13. 'Gender and the Future of Genocide Studies and Prevention' Elisa von Joeden-Forgey (Pennsylvania State University, USA) Selected Combined Bibliography Index