Agriculture is one of the largest sources of livelihood in India, contributing significantly to the gross domestic product of the country. However, it has witnessed a decline in the last few decades. While there has been a significant increase in production of food grains in the recent past, the sector has been facing some formidable challenges of climate change, increasing costs and uncertainties associated with volatility in international markets and decline in the average size of landholding. Analysis of emerging scenarios in the agricultural sector and various other agricultural activities is elementary for the growth of the Indian economy. This requirement is fulfilled by the illustrious Agricultural Economic Research Centres (AERCs) located in various State Agricultural Universities, Central Universities and institutions of repute. This book presents an extensive study of the performance of Indian agriculture over the years, focusing on issues such as production, economics and marketing problems and prospects; government interventions for the development of horticulture crops; and sectors allied to agriculture—livestock, dairy development and fisheries. Further, the book analyses growth; outcomes, problems and constraints facing Indian agriculture as inputs for future policy initiatives; feedback on various government policies and programmes; and the present status and outlook of Indian agriculture.