Globally freshwater resources are facing acute pressure to meet the various demands of mankind. The availability of quality drinking water is one of the biggest challenges and owing to tremendous pollution in different levels of water (ground as well as surface water) the quality is adversely affected. To overcome this worldwide problem, various research and technological interventions have been initiated to provide quality drinking water. The River Bank Filtration (RBF) is one of the solution that has come up with a unique and cost effective technology. It is a process wherein the surface water from rivers, channels and lakes is induced by pumping from nearby production wells to flow through the natural aquifer sediments. This process further initiates several positive changes in the quality of water before finally mixing with the local groundwater. The water obtained from this process can directly be used for drinking purpose and it rarely required any further treatment. In this, context the Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology, (UCOST) Dehradun, National Institute of Hydrology, (NIH) Roorkee, Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan, (UJS) Dehradun, Indian Institute of Technology, (IIT) Roorkee, initiated a collaborative project “River Bank Filtration for Quality Drinking Water”, which was funded by the Department of Science and Technology (Government of India), under the technical expertise of the HTW University of Dresden, Germany. This book is an attempt to compile and prepare a guideline of scientific and applied value to help engineers, scientists and policy makers for implementing RBF. Here all necessary aspects such as background, planning scheme, design operations and maintenance, water quality parameters, risk assessment, post-treatment, numerical flow, awareness strategies and sustainability of RBF along with worldwide case studies are discussed in detail.