A great deal has happened all over the world since the year 1934 which witnessed the 1st Congress of the Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences in London. The science of man has weathered many a storm not excepting the far-reaching repercussions of the holocaust of World War II. It has in fact emerged Anteus-like, stronger and revitalized each time. Speedier modes of travel and more efficient media of communication enabling the peoples of the world to come closer to each other have led to a significant revolution in the social sciences. For the first time since its inception, the ICAES held its Xth session in a Third World country under the distinguished presidentship of a Third World anthropologist. It is but fitting that the papers presented at the Congress should be published in India, the host country. The eleven papers that comprise this volume, the fourth in the series, centre around some of the major trends and ideas that have emerged in world anthropology. Very loosely categorized, some concern sociocultural anthropology and the wider society in the context of development programmes. Others examine selected aspects of development within the discipline. Both in respect of the regions covered as well as the paradigmatic trends it discusses, the book succeeds in airing major problems in anthropology today, the discussion of which will serve to invigorate the study of Man. About the Author: Charles Frantz is currently Professor of Anthropology at the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, U.S.A. He formerly was the Executive Secretary of the American Anthropological Association, and taught at Howard University, University of Toronto, Portland (Oregon) State University and Ahmadu Bello University (Zaria, Nigeria). He has done field work in Zimbabwe, Nigeria, Cameroun, Canada, and the U.S.A. His publications include The Student Anthropologist Handbook, Pastoral Societies, Stratification and National Integration in Africa and Racial Themes in Southern Rhodesia (co-authored with Cyril a. Rogers). His current interests are in the history and profession of anthropology, pastoralist societies, intercultural relations, and theory. Lalita Prasad Vidyarthi (b. 1931) received his doctorate from the University of Chicago and is now Professor and Chairman of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Ranchi, India. Currently (1974-1978) he is the President of the International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences and of the 10th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences to be held in India in 1978. Dr. Vidyarthi is the President of the Indian Anthropological Association, a Founder-Member of the Indian Council of Social Sciences Research, Chairman of the Task Force on Development of Tribal Areas of the Planning Commission, and a Member of the Central Council on Tribal Research Institute of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. He is Founder-Editor of The Journal of Social Research, The Indian Anthropologist, and The Research Journal of Ranchi University. His major fields of research are the Tribal Culture of India including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands; Urban-Industrial political, and action Anthropology; Indian Civilization, the History of Indian Culture, Folklore, village studies and History of Anthropological Theories. He has to his credit several internationally popular books.