This book brings together the findings from three studies across four sites: Assam, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and Kerala. It aims to understand and explain the diverse nature of health inequities along with processes and historical contexts which create, configure, and sustain health inequities among tribal populations in India. The book reveals that beneath the oft-repeated storyline of the poor health of tribal communities lies a more nuanced reality of varied experiences across different tribal communities; and?within-group?differentials?among?the?same?community. The book also forcefully brings home the inadequacy of commonly used health indicators such as morbidity and mortality to describe the multiple dimensions of lack of well-being experienced by the tribal communities. With the help of thick qualitative descriptions, the book captures the everyday violence of loss of livelihoods, displacement, insecurity, poverty, and hunger, not to mention the overt violence of ethnic conflicts. It argues that these consequences to people’s well-being can hardly be captured in terms?of?disease?and?death?alone. The book delineates the pathways through which health inequities experienced by the tribal communities have come about and have persisted. It highlights, among other factors, the failure of the public health system to reach out to the tribal communities and, worse still, the public health system’s systematic marginalisation of tribal communities owing to the ‘equity-blindness’ of its very design, structure, and organisation. The book ends with reflections on the implications of the studies for policies, programmes and research.