In recent years, there has been growing interest in deciphering the nature and contours of bilateral dynamics between India and China, since the contours bilateral dynamics between the two rising powers have potential implications for the evolving geopolitical order in the region and even beyond. This book is not about understanding the nature of rivalry dynamics between India and China but prominently focuses on China’s mental and emotional image of India, which has remained an underexplored dimension in contemporary scholarship. The aim of the book is two-fold. First, this book is an effort to analyse China’s contemporary perceptual image about India primarily through the analysis of Chinese publications on the subject. Second, this book questions the prevalent notion of characterising India-China rivalry as ‘one-sided’ or ‘asymmetric.’ Unarguably, power asymmetry, with substantial Chinese advantage, has been a persistent characteristic of India-China relations and is likely to remain or even grow further. India, being weaker in this dyad, naturally has a greater threat perception vis-à-vis China. However, this apparent power asymmetry does not provide China with an overwhelming advantage over India. The book argues that India has been and continues to be a ‘strategic rival’ in Chinese perception even though it is not categorised by China as its ‘principal rival.’ In the contemporary period, as India expands its defence capabilities, extends its regional outreach and deepens its engagement with major powers, Beijing has begun to factor New Delhi into its strategic calculus even more seriously. Abhay Kumar Singh is a Research Fellow at the Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi. His work focusses on geopolitics of the Indo-Pacific region. Contents Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. China’s Ambivalent Vision of India:Persistent Attitude and Shifting Perceptions 3. Evolving Contours of Regional Geopolitics:An Assessment of Chinese Perspectives 4. Making Sense of Modi’s India: Chinese Perceptions about India during the Xi Era 5. India-China Rivalry: Asymmetric No Longer 6. Future Contours of India-China Rivalry and India’s Options Index