This book is written with the objective of demystifying for Indians, China and its decision making processes. The author believes that India and China should be in strategic partnership. The People’s Republic of China (PRC), was founded on October 1, 1949, that is, more than two years after the creation of independent India in 1947. Both nations have had cultural ties over several millennia but the period after 1949 has seen distinct challenge leading to possible nuclear confrontation and both countries competing in accelerating their economic development. Both nations being today the two most populous and fastest growing economies in the world are of extreme importance in the emerging new global order. This book attempts to analyze the progression of the diplomatic, military and economic relations between these two nations, and ascertain the likely future of the relationship, as well as propose the framework of productive, mutually beneficial and harmonious relations between China and India.