As a country with population of 1.3 billion, energy security is a critical problem faced by India. The study on India's energy profile, various end use sectors and its choices, challenges and green options are significant factors for sustainable future of India. Even today India's 70% of energy mix is depended upon fossil fuel resources. The resulting environmental hazards and human security are countless. In the global level, India is third in the case of carbon emission and primary energy consumption, even though several people still have no access to electricity and most of the rural people are using traditional biomass for cooking. Access of energy without any supply disruption is considered as an integral factor of national security and every nation tries to maintain its energy security. But during this journey to fulfill the target, several issues are neglected and side-lined. Environmental issue is the primary one among such issues as it especially leads to climate change, pollution of all kind, risks to the biodiversity, etc. Health concerns of human beings and livelihood and displacement issues of certain societies are also emerged out from the search for energy security. So, we need to understand the ill-effects of present day energy consumption pattern and engage in positively changing towards a green and clean energy future. Nationalized as well as decentralized renewable energy programs will help to accomplish our domestic energy needs. Green energy can provide a brighter future with clean environment for the next generations. Access to clean and modern energy will improve the environment, health and overall development of individual and the society. The book presents the major challenges of India's energy landscape and the societal, human and environmental security aspects of India's energy search and use. It delivers detailed information about India's energy profile, challenges and prospects, so it will be of particular relevance to policymakers, politicians, energy specialists, students and academics of Political Science, Energy Studies, and International Relations. CONTENTS Abbreviations .................................................................................................... 7 List of Tables ................................................................................................... 15 List of Figures ................................................................................................. 17 Preface .................................................................................................... ........ 19 I. Introduction ......................................................................................... 21 II. India’s Energy Profile .......................................................................... 45 III. Changing Dynamics of India’s Energy Engagements: an Overview ..... 77 IV. India’s Energy Sector: Challenges and Constraints Towards A Sustainable Future ............................................................ 117 V. India’s Sustainable Future: Lessons From Abroad and Prospects of Green Energy Transition ......................................... 159 VI. Conclusion ......................................................................................... 189 Index .................................................................................................. 219