Contents: Preface. 1. Introduction. 2. Ecology of mangroves. 3. Microbial Diversity of mangrove Ecosystem. 4. Biotechnological Potential of mangrove microorganisms. Conclusion. References. The present book highlights diversity, distribution, ecological role and biotechnological potentials of different groups of microorganisms studied by different authors. However, details of biodiversity and biotechnology of mangrove microorganisms have been discussed with reference to mangrove ecosystem of Odisha coast specially Bhitarkanika and Mahanadi delta. This book will be immensely helpful for the students, researchers and academicians pursuing their study and research in the field of microbiology, ecology and biotechnology. Apart from the biodiversity and biotechnological potentials, the book also discusses different methods useful for isolation, characterization and biotechnological application of different groups of microorganisms which will be of great benefit to the researchers.