Table of Contents Scope and History of Microbiology Microbes and Microbiology Brief History of Microbiology The Golden Age of Microbiology Chemotherapy Modern Developments in Microbiology Naming and Classifying of Microorganisms The Diversity of Microorganisms Procaryotic Cell Introduction of Procaryotic and Eucaryotic Cells The Procaryotic Cell Structures External to the Cell Walls The Cell Wall Structures Internal to the Cell Wall Microbial Metabolism Meaning of Metabolism Metabolic Pathways Enzymes Nutritional Classification of Organisms Energy Production of Organisms Carbohydrate Catabolism Microbial Growth and its Control Microbial Growth Physical Requirements Chemical Requirement Control of Microbial Growth Physical Methods of Microbial Control Chemical Methods of Microbial Control Microorganisms in the Environment Biochemical Cycles Microorganisms Found in Air Microorganisms in Soil Aquatic Microbiology Water Purification Sewage Treatment Bioremediation of Organic Contaminants Bioremediation Application of Bioremediation Microbiological Quality of Environmental Samples Monitoring Microbiological Quality Introduction to Microbiological Parameters Regarding to the Sanitary Quality of Environmental Samples Pathogenic Microorganisms Iron and Sulfur Bacteria Actinomycetes Fungi Regulations for Drinking Water Quality Groundwaters Surface Waters Wastewater Soil, Sediment Air Safety in Environmental Microbiology Laboratory Laboratory Facilities Laboratory Safety Considerations Summarized Safety Check List for Environmental Microbiology Laboratories Laboratory Quality Assurance and Quality Control Introduction Requirement for Facilities and Personnel Quality Control of Laboratory Equipments and Instruments Quality Control of Laboratory Supplies Quality Control of Laboratory Pure Water Analytical Quality Control Procedures Records and Data Reporting Interlaboratory Quality Control Collecting and Handling Environmental Samples for Microbiological Examination Sampling Sample Collection from Different Sources Sample Identification Sample Transportation, Preservation, and Holding Time Laboratory Equipments and Supplies in Environmental Microbiology Laboratory Laboratory Equipments Laboratory Glassware Chemicals, Reagents Culture Media Culture Media and Culture Bacterial Growth in Media Direct Measurement of Bacterial Growth Dilutions Plate Counts Membrane Filter (MF) Technique Most Probable Number (MPN) Method Staining Procedures Direct Microscopic Counts Estimation of Bacterial Numbers by Indirect Methods Turbidity Biochemical Reactions and Enzymatic Tests Rapid Identification Systems (Multitest Systems) Methods for Analysing Microbiological Quality of the Environment Methods and Techniques Rapid Detection Methods Methods for Microbiological Examination of Recreational Waters Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria Detection of Soil Microorganisms Heterotrophic Plate Counts Introduction Pour Plate Method Determination of Total Coliform Introduction Membrane Filter Method (MF) Most Probable Number (MPN) Method Determination of Klebsiella Application for Soil, Sediment, and Sludge Samples Analytical Quality Control Determination of Fecal Coliform Definition of the Fecal Coliform Group Membrane Filter Method Delayed Incubation MF Method The Most Probable Number (MPN) Method The MUG Test Application for Soil, Sediment, and Sludge Samples Analytical Quality Control (QC) Procedure Appendix A: Exponential Notation Appendix B: International System of Units (Metric System) Appendix C: Units and Conversion Factors Appendix D: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Appendix E: Determination of Solids Appendix F: Measurement of Ph Appendix G: Bacteriophages Microbiological tests have proven to be an indispensable part of environmental contaminant detection. It has also been tremendously difficult to find a comprehensive training manual and laboratory manual for those procedures. Microbiological Examination of Water and Wastewater now provides that much-needed resource for laboratory trainees and environmental professionals alike. An all-inclusive guide to applications and techniques of microbiological testing, Microbiological Examination of Water and Wastewater includes coverage of General Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, plus Techniques and Methods in Routine Environmental Microbiology Laboratory. By exploring the fundamentals of microbiology, as well as microbial metabolism, growth, control, and classification, trainees will better understand the purpose and manner of microbiological examination. Those details also make Microbiological Examination of Water and Wastewater ideal as a standard guidebook for laboratories, water and wastewater treatment plants, and the communities they serve.