CONTENTS: Foreword, Acknowledgement, Abbreviations, Introduction, Chapter 1: Self-Consciousness, Rationality and Personhood: 1.1. The Idea of Person, 1.2. Types of Personhoods, 1.3. Personhood of Human Beings, 1.4. Personhood of Nonhuman Beings, 1.5. Personhood and the Equal Consideration of Interest, 1.6. Personhood and Speciesism, 1.7. Requirements of Personhood, 1.8. Similarities and Dissimilarities between Humans and Nonhumans, Chapter 2: The Idea of Suffering and Its Implications: 2.1. The Meaning of Suffering, 2.2. Subjects of Suffering, 2.3. Reasons for Suffering, 2.4. Types of Suffering, 2.5. Purpose of Suffering, 2.6. Responses to Suffering, Chapter 3: The Idea of Preference Satisfaction: 3.1. The Idea of Preference, 3.2. Selection of Preferences, 3.3. Application of Selected Preferences, 3.3.1. Preferences for Animal Liberation, 3.3.2. Preferences to Veganism and Vegetarianism, 3.3.3. Environmental Preferences, 3.3.4. Preferences to Eradicate Poverty, 3.3.5. Preferences in Medical Assistance, 3.3.6. Preferences in Political Activities, Chapter 4: Effective Moral Altruism at the Top of Preferences: 4.1. Effective Altruism, 4.2. Altruist and Required Qualities, 4.3. Reasons for Altruistic Actions, 4.4. Advantages and Disadvantages of Effective Altruism, 4.4.1. Advantages, 4.4.2. Disadvantages, 4.5. Argument for Moralism, 4.6. Prospects of Effective Moral Altruism, 4.7. Moralism and Existential Risks, Chapter 5: Explications and Applications of Preference Utilitarianism: 5.1. The Exploration of Preference Utilitarianism, 5.2. Convergences, 5.3. Divergence, 5.4. Absolutism, 5.5. Relativism, 5.6. Strength, 5.7. Weakness, 5.8. Two Phases of Preference Utilitarianism, Conclusion, Bibliography.