Contents: I. Introduction to Microbiology: 1.History of Microbiology. 2. Bio-safety Levels. 3. Instruments of Microbiology Lab. II. Basic Techniques of Microbiology: 4. Optical Microscopy. 5. Preparation and Sterilization of Media. 6. Aseptic Transfer of Bacterial Culture.III. Morphological Characterization of Bacteria: 7. Colony Characteristics of Bacteria. 8. Preparation of Specimen for Staining. 9. Simple Staining. 10. Gram Staining .11. Negative Staining. 12. Acid Fast Staining-Ziehl-Neelsen Staining. 13. Spore Staining. 14. Capsule Staining. 15. Motility of Bacteria (Hanging Drop Method).IV. Biochemical Characterization of Bacteria: 16. Acetamide Utilization Test. 17. Acetate Utilization Test. 18. AL (Amino Levelunic Acid) Test for Porphyrin Synthesis. 19. Carbohydrate Utilization Test Kligler’s Iron Agar Test. 21. Triple Sugar Iron Agar Test. 22. Indole Production Test (IMViC Test). 23. MR-VP (Methyl Red–Voges Proskauer) Test (IMViC Test). 24. Citrate Utilization Test (Simmon Citrate Test)(IMViC Test). 25. Hydrogen Sulfide Production Test. 26. Glucan and Polysaccharide Production Test. 27. Gelatin Liquefaction Test (Kohn Method). 28. Tube Coagulase Test. 29. Decarboxylase-Dihydrolase Test. 30. Centrimide Test. 31. Catalase Test .32. Leucine Aminopeptidase Test (LAP Test). 33. Malonate Test. 34. Methyl Glucopyranoside Test (MGP Test). 35. Nitrate/Nitrate Reduction Test. 36. Oxidase Test. 37. Phenylalanine Deaminase Test (PDA Test). 38. Starch Hydrolysis Test. 39. Urea Test. 40. Lipase Test. 41. Lecithinases Test. 42. Alkaline Phosphotase Test. 43. Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Test. 44. L- Alanyl- Alanylaminopeptidase Test 45. L-Proline – Aminopeptidase Test 46. Spot Indole Test 47. Bile Test PART V. 48. Bacterial Growth Curve Analysis and its Environmental Applications PART VI 49. Determination of Phenol CoefficientPART VII. 50. Test for Sterility PART VIII. 51. Microbial Assay of Antibiotics. This book has been designed with the objective that it will provide a practical guide to the students in the Characterization of the Bacteria in a simplified manner. The book had been broadly divided into four segments. The first Segment comprise of the basic techniques of microbiology like media preparation, Sterilization process, Aseptic transfer etc. The Second segment is the Morphological characterization of the bacteria like various staining techniques. The Third segment is the Biochemical characterization of the bacteria. The final segment is the added for the benefits of the pharmaceutical students for better understanding of Test for sterility, Assay of Antibiotics, etc. This book has designed and illustrated in a manner for the better understanding for the students and the research persons. This book would be useful for students of Medical sciences and Paramedical sciences of certicate and graduate levels such as B.Pharm, Certicate Nursing, Laboratory Technician, Health Assistant, B. Sc Nursing, Bachelor of Nursing (B N), B. Sc Medical Microbiology, Bachelor in Medical Laboratory Technologist (BMLT), B. Sc Microbiology, Bachelor in Public Health (BPH), Bachelor in Dental Surgery (BDS), Bachelor in Medicine and Bachelor in Surgery (MBBS).