The essays included in these two volumes have a twofold aim: a) to bring centre stage the benefits accruing from historiographical research in heritage studies in India with special reference to deep or preliterate past; and b) to strengthen their conceptual and methodological foundations. The essays in Volume 1 are entirely devoted to the former task. These seek to assess and foreground the pioneering contributions made to ancient India studies by long or recently deceased Indian and European scholars. They include Captain Thomas John Newbold, Bruce Foote, Rajendralala Mitra and Ananda Coomaraswamy, and Sir R.G. Bhandarkar, Lokamanya Tilak, Irawati Karve, H.D. Sankalia and three others closely associated with the Deccan College in Pune. The essays in Volume 2 deal with certain specific themes, methods and aims and goals of heritage research. These themes cover periodization and terminology, social and economic perspectives, the method of inquiry, archaeology as anthropological history, and relevance of deep past. The larger intent of these volumes is to revitalize studies of ancient India and its heritage by indicating potential areas for further research and suggesting new avenues and approaches for this purpose. Contents: Volume 2 Themes Preface List of Illustrations Introduction 1. Culturalification of Artefacts: Developments in Archaeological Theory 2. Is Archaeology a Reliable Approach for Studying the Historical Period of India? 3. Our Deep Past: What and Why? 4. Issues of Periodization and Terminology in Indian Archaeology 5. The Deccan and its Past: Its Relevance in the Present 6. Higher Education in India with Special Reference to Heritage Studies and Pioneering Contributions Made by the Deccan College (Pune) 7. Economic Transactions in Our Deep Past 8. Social Transactions and Transformations in India’s Deep Past 9. Pre-Neolithic Archaeology of the Bellary-Raichur Region, Southern Deccan 10. Neolithic Ashmounds of the Deccan: A Posthumanist Perspective 11. The Scientific Method and Sir Francis Bacon: Their Contemporary Relevance 12. Archaeology as Anthropological History: India as a Case Study Index About the Author: K. Paddayya is Emeritus Professor and former Director of Deccan College (Deemed University) in Pune. He is Honorary Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London and received Padma Shri from the Government of India in 2012.