Plant Protein Based Quality Feeds for Gift Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
$69.00
Author: | S S Mosha and S Felix |
ISBN 13: | 9789390611690 |
Binding: | Hardbound |
Language: | English |
Year: | 2022 |
Subject: | Aquaculture and Fisheries |
About the Book
A series of three experiments were conducted in plastic troughs and
lined ponds using GIFT Tilapia juveniles. Azolla meal (0, 15, 30 & 45%)
and S. platensis (0, 1, 3 & 5%) inclusion level diets were prepared to
replace fish meal. GIFT Tilapia juveniles (3.3 ± 0.32g) were stocked at
a density of 10 fish per plastic troughs (70L) in triplicates for 60 days.In
all experiments the fish were fed isonitrogenous (32%) and isocaloric (17
KJ Kg-1 DM) diets at 5% body weight throughout the experimental trials.
In each experiment, all fishes in the experimental units were weighed
after every fifteen days to ascertain the increase in biomass.
The results in first experiment indicated that, growth performance,
apparent digestibility coefficient, digestive enzymes activity and the final
body proximate composition of GIFT Tilapia were higher in 15% inclusion
diet. Antioxidant enzymes activity (catalase, SDO and GPx) and metabolic
enzymes activity (AST and ALT) did not significantly differ between the
dietary treatments. Blood serum biochemistry (serum protein, albumin and
globulin), immunological indices (RBT, lysozymes and MPO) and muscle
quality index were significantly higher in 15% inclusion diet. The histological
changes in liver sections were not affected by dietary treatments, however
the intestinal tissues showed a higher intestinal villi length and muscular
layer thickness in 15% inclusion diet than the other groups. At this inclusion
level, stress parameters (RBT, MPO) and survival rate were significantly
higher than the control diet, while glucose content was significant low
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when GIFT tilapia were challenged with A. hydrophila. Thus, the use of
Azolla as a fish feed ingredient has been attempted for the first time in
GIFT tilapia strain and the study results recommends 15% inclusion level
in diets.
In the second experiment, the results revealed that, growth
performance, digestibility and final body proximate composition, were
significantly improved in 3% Spirulina inclusion diet compared to the
rest. At this level of inclusion, fish digestive enzymes (amylase, protease
and lipase), antioxidant enzymes activity, blood serum biochemistry and
immunological indices, as well as muscles quality index were significantly
higher, however metabolic enzyme activities were not influenced by dietary
treatments. The liver histology was not affected by dietary treatments,
however the intestinal tissues showed a higher intestinal villi length and
muscular layer thickness than the other groups. Following the A.
hydrophila challenge test, fish stress parameters such as RBT and MPO
were significantly higher in 3% Spirulina inclusion diet compared to
other treatments, however glucose content was significantly low. It can
be concluded that, S. platensis meal can be supplemented up to 3%
without compromising the overall performance of GIFT tilapia.
Based on the results of these two experiments which showed better
performance of fish at 15% Azolla and 3% S. platensis inclusion levels
respectively, the third experimental trial was conducted by testing a dietary
mixture of these two ingredients with commercial diet. A total of 1500
fingerlings (Initial body weight 5.5 ± 0.04g) were randomly stocked in 100
m2 lined ponds in duplicates and reared for 90 days. The fish were fed
with isonitrogenous (32%) and isocaloric (17 KJ Kg-1 DM) diets at 5%
body weight throughout the experimental trial. The results showed that,
water quality parameters (temperature, DO, ammonia and nitrite) were
not affected by dietary treatments, however pH, alkalinity, hardness and
nitrate were significantly higher in test diet used culture system. The
growth performance, final body proximate composition and fish digestive
enzymes (amylase, protease and lipase) were higher in test diet compared
to the control. In this diet, antioxidant enzymes activity, blood serum
biochemistry and immunological indices, as well as muscles quality index
were significantly higher than the control, however metabolic enzyme
activity (AST and ALT) were not influenced by either supplemented diets
or control. The liver histology didn’t show any changes, however the
intestinal villi length and muscular layer thickness were significantly higher
in test diet. The Yield, Gross returns, Net returns, Cost Benefit Ratio and
Return on Investment (ROI) were higher in test diet compared to the
control. Therefore, this study concluded that, partial replacement of fish
meal with a mixture of Azolla (15%) and S. platensis (3%) meal in feeds
meant for semi-intensive system of GIFT tilapia culture is more profitable.