This book engages with the question of Muslim rootedness in India. It uses various Muslim 'voices' in north India to explore imaginings of the local, regional, and transnational at a time when the Indian nation state did not exist. Using poetry as an archive and the site of its performance, the musha'irah, as a way of understanding public spaces, the book charts changing understandings of what it meant to be Muslim and Indian. Perhaps this will offer a new way of thinking about these relationships, especially at a time when Muslim loyalty to India has yet again emerged as a politically polarising question.