Having survived a tumultuous period in its political history, the island state of Sri Lanka has one of the longest and most active traditions of political parties in South Asia. The survival of democratic politics here despite repeated youth insurgencies, a protracted ethnic conflict and a long and bloody civil war makes it pertinent for us to explore the patterns of change and continuity that characterize party politics in Sri Lanka. While the first and second phases of the history of its parties and party system—the last period of colonial rule, followed by the postcolonial years of 1947–70—unfolded in a context of relative social peace, the third phase, from 1970 to the present, has seen continuing social unrest, rebellion, political violence and a deepening crisis in the experience of democracy. This volume analyses the changing role and impact of political parties in contemporary Sri Lanka. It examines their functioning in a context of severe ethnic conflict, transformations of the political structure, changes in the electoral system, rapid social change and globalization. It also covers the crucial presidential and parliamentary elections of 2015 and reflects on the experience of individual political parties as well as Sri Lanka’s party system as a whole.