This book addresses central issues related to population and sustainable development in India, the second most populous country in the world. Using the latest available source of data in the context of the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, it analyzes the current state of development in India in terms of economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection, especially focusing on the role of population. The respective chapters explore various aspects, but mainly focus on promoting greater sustainability in terms of population growth, child survival, and economic growth. Contents: 1. Introduction 2. Population Transition 1950 2015 3. Future Population Growth, 2015 2100 4. Fertility Transition, 1990 2010 5. Child Survival, 1971 2015 6. Economic Growth, 1951 2012 7. Demographic Dividend, 2001 2011 8. Human Deprivation in Villages 9. Child Deprivation 10. Female Work Participation in Villages 11. Population Effects of the Environment. About the Author: Aalok Ranjan Chaurasia is M.Sc. from Kanpur University, Kanpur, India, Ph.D. from Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India, and holds Postgraduate Diploma in Population and Development from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. He has participated in the United Nations Global Training Programme in Population and Development, 1990–1991 and has published more than 30 books and 120 research papers. A member of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population and a life member of the Indian Association for the Study of Population, he also serves on the editorial board of the journal Demography India. His academic engagements include Director, State Population Resource Centre, Madhya Pradesh, India; Professor, Population Research Centre, Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi, India; and Project Director, Mother and Child Tracking System, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. He has also served as an expert member of the National Population Commission, Government of India.