During the last few decades, Population Geography has been introduced in the post-graduate and undergraduate courses in several universities of India. As a result, this sub disciple has taken a centre state not only within Human Geography but in the subject of Geography as well. It deals with most dynamic issues which are linked with the day to day problems. Hence, on one hand, there are conceptual developments which are also vibrant; and on the other, the population data is ticking every second. Both put together, this book becomes very exciting. On the surface, population-related issues appear to be slow and sluggish. However, when we scratch the surface, we find a lot of changes taking place though the data is based on decadal censuses. The assessment of economy, environment and disasters are assessed in relation to the spatial pattern of population. Hence while analyzing populations; it is beyond the demographic approaches which are more concerned with fertility, mortality, marriage and sometimes migration. The spatial patterns of these issues have made an insight in population studies. The topics included here in this book are relevant to the courses of Indian universities, however, the objective is also to raise the issues to higher level if the readers are interested to explore further. The latest data from the Indian sources and global agencies have been taken. This will help in understanding the domestic situation in the international perspective. Emphasis has been made to highlight the problems likely to occur following reduction in fertility or population growth worldwide. Early signals have been knocking the Indian doors as well. We are sure that this book will meet the requirement of the scholars who are dealing with the dynamic and applied aspects of population at different levels.