This book entitled Prāṇipādapaparimalah (Flora and Fauna in Indological Studies) is a collection of eighteen research articles by the author. This book is the outcome of my research experience endeavoring to unravel the scientific knowledge pertaining to flora and fauna as enshrined in Indology and its relevance in present-day society. Sanskrit as a language is undoubtedly a repository and reservoir of our priceless heritage. This language of wonderful structure that grew up in the course of time represents a great diversity of thought and forms. The scientific approach in the plant and animal world adopted in Sanskrit literature undoubtedly occupies an important and vital need of humanity aimed towards the maintenance of healthy human societies. The importance of these two aspects was reflected in the treatment and care taken by the ancient seers in various Sanskrit literature. Hence, this book is a humble endeavor for the use of young students, researchers as well as lovers of Indology who are eager to know about the richness of the Sanskrit language and its tradition in different fields. Many of the articles incorporated in this volume have already been published in national, international journals and felicitation volumes, etc., while a few of them have been introduced in the volume for the first time.