The use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) by anesthesiologists for diagnosis and monitoring can be traced back to 1980s. Several advances have occurred in the field of perioperative echocardiography which parallel the developments that have advanced the field of cardiac surgery. Attempting to combine basic principles with the ongoing developments of perioperative TEE in a textbook is a major challenge. This book represents a major effort to bring together the experts from all over the world to write on this timely topic of applied perioperative TEE, merging the basic principles with a practical and problem based approach. The book is intended for cardiac anesthesiologists, cardiac surgeons, cardiologists, cardiac anesthesiology fellows, cardiology fellows and also anesthesiology residents who care for cardiac surgical patients in the operating rooms and the intensive care units. Chapters include basic ultrasound, artifacts, echocardiography for coronary and valvular diseases, cardiomyopathy, aortic disease, pericardial disease, congenital heart disease, rheumatic heart disease and noncardiac surgery. There are chapters devoted to the assessment of hemodynamics and 3-dimensional echocardiography. Each chapter is well illustrated with high-class images to facilitate the reader to comprehend the text. In addition, there is a separate video CD provided with classic videos of important cardiac pathologies. Case discussions at the end of each chapter are a major highlight. This is a comprehensive textbook on perioperative TEE which will serve as a reference for those involved in the care of cardiac surgical patients. It is believed that this book will help the reader understand the applications of perioperative TEE and provide better care for the cardiac surgical patients.