In recent times, discourses on Traditional Knowledge (TK) and Geographical Indications (GI) has assumed a lot of importance. The indigenous, tribal and local communities of India in general and North East India in particular have developed a wide variety of TK. Local wisdom,TK plays an important role in the sustainable use of local resources and biodiversity conservation. In the case of GI, India brought a legislation for registration and better protection of GI products in 1999 which was brought into force in 2003. Since then, GI registration of products from India is going on at a steady pace but what remains undisclosed is whether the GI registration is able to bring any positive change in the marketability of the product leading to the socio-economic development of the community producing that product. In this backdrop, the book sought to unite the efforts of academicians, students, researchers, practitioners, to discuss the prospects and challenges of various unique TK/TCEs and GIs of communities in India and particularly in North-eastern region of India. The ultimate aim of the book is to find a better protection framework of traditional knowledge and geographical indications in the country.