Contents Acknowledgements v Preface vii 1. IPR Protection in Agriculture 1 Sonali Behera and Abhisek Dash 2. Section 3(j) of the Patent Act, 1970: Judicial Interpretation and the Impact Thereof 15 Akanksha Anil 3. Impact of Intellectual Property Rights Protection on Plant Varieties 31 Amaj Raj Srivastava 4. National IPR Policy, 2016: A Substantial Development? 55 Amrit Subhadarsi 5. India and Global Pharma Patents Norms 75 Arvind Sankar and Rohith Venkatesan 6. Stem Cell Research: An Emerging Sector and its Challenges 89 Chandrika 7. Genetically Modified Crops: Issues and Challenges in Context of India 103 Ipsita Kaushik 8. Patenting in IITs: An Empirical Study 129 Mayuree Sengupta 9. Patenting of Biotechnological Products in India: Conflicting Issues and their Harmonization 139 Mona Purohit 10. Status of IPR Education in Life Science Courses of Indian Universities 147 Neerja Shrivastava 11. Patent Claims: A Tool for Defining the Patent Protection 153 Payal Thaorey 12. IPR Necessitate in Agriculture 169 R.K. Kalaria 13. Comparative Analysis on Changing Scenario in Geographical Indications: An Indian Perspective 177 Rahil Mathakia and Viralkumar B. Mandaliya 14. Agricultural Biotechnology in Indian Food Sector: Possible Risks and Benefits 189 Saumya Verma 15. The Relation Between Pharmaceutical Companies and IP Laws – Patent Laws in Relation to Ayurvedic Products: Need or Greed 207 Shikhar Bhardwaj, Prateek Sharma, Vikram Nagpal and Yogeshwar Purohit 16. Security and IPR in Developing Countries 217 Sagun Vishan and Prakhar Srivastava 17. Protection of Plant Breeders’ Rights vis-a-vis Exploitation of Vulnerable and Uniformed Sector of Breeders and Farmers: A Study 229 Tushar Arora 18. Intellectual Property Rights Policy Regime and Agriculture Innovation System: Issues for Governance in the Context of India 239 Vikas Kumar 19. Enhancement of Global Climate hange with Special Reference to Kyoto Protocol Backdrop 249 Rajendra Parikh and Ketan Desai 20. Impacts of Climate-Smart Agricultural System on Food Security: A Case Study of Institutional Policy Recommendations and Challenges in Nigeria 261 EZEKIEL, Ayinde Alani Color Plates The present edited book aimed at finding out the issues in Intellectual Property Rights & Biotechnology that together referred as Purple Biotechnology. The outline of the book was prepared as a part of the awareness program on the Biotechnology field. The contribution were invited from the people involved in IP field, directly or indirectly. The chapters have covered the substantive matter from India and abroad. The chapters explained advanced scientific knowledge as well as the regulatory framework. The issues and analysis presented in this book will shape the policy and theoretical debates in purple biotechnology, at large. It will be of interest to broad readership, including academicians, lawyers, breeders, design developers, artists, policy makers and research scholars engaged in interdisciplinary research.