Almost all the early civilizations have flourished near some river because water is indispensible for the survival of humanity. Today we are facing a global water crunch and in such crisis, conservation of water becomes a dire need. This water crisis has affected not only the aquatic life but also the flora and fauna around. Here comes the role of a limnologist whose elaborate and exhaustive limnological and fisheries research may pave the way to find solutions to global problems at regional and national level. The research articles, reviews and case studies on the plankton, benthos and fishes discussed in the book entitled, “Recent Trends in Indian Limnology and Fishery science” focuses on the qualitative and quantitative efforts for the conservation of various aquatic ecosystems across India. We hope that this book will be useful for young researchers in particular and academicians, science enthusiasts and student community in general.