The significance of extensive maritime activities, across the Indian Ocean, in nurturing and sustaining many great civilizations in the past is well known. The Indian subcontinent is central to the Indian Ocean which has been integral to India’s long and rich maritime tradition. These historical and cultural maritime exchanges in the Indian Ocean region have been re-imagined and re-interpreted in different manners over periods of time. Maritime geopolitics is a reality of current times. The rising salience of the Indo-Pacific, along with geopolitical contestation in the region, has brought major global attention to the Indian Ocean as a key strategic arena. An understanding of historical transnational connectivity, intellectual exchanges, interconnected histories and traditions through maritime heritage, museums, naval history and linkages between such connections with contemporary geopolitics is therefore, pertinent. The book attempts to reorient the dominant narratives with an interdisciplinary approach to explore and understand various identities, routes, and sites with a focus on the Western Indian Ocean region, by offering perspectives of multidisciplinary group of academics, policy makers, diplomats, archaeologists, museum and heritage experts.