This is the first study of Safavid Iran's Diplomatic and Cultural Relations with the Decan Sultanates during the fourteenth to seventeenth century. The study of forteenth and fifteenth century forms the background for the Safavid period beginning from 1501. The study synthesizes the triangular nexus of Safavid Iran, Mughals and the Deccan. A unique and interesting aspect of the relationsis that founders of the three Deccan Sultanates - the Bahmanis, the Adil Shahis and the Qutb Shahi were of Iranian origin and were Shi'ihs, the vital link, between the Safavid Iran and the Deccan. Another important factor is that, Yusuf Adil Shah, during his wanderings in Iran, about 1450, was taken to Ardabil by Khwaja Imaduddin, and enroled as disciple of venerable Shaikh Safiudin, ancestor of Shah Ismail of Iran and from whom the Safavid dynasty tok its name. Both Yusuf Adil Shah of Bijapur and Shah Ismail I Safavid were disciple of the same house and as such had strong leaningstowards each other. Dr Nayeem's study is based on both primary as well as secondary sources. Besides the Persian history chroniclers several Persian manuscripts, Persian printed boks, and Munshats or Inshas in manuscripts in Decan and in London, he consulted. The Safavid Shahs of Iran, Shah Tahmasp, Shah Abas I, Shah Safi and Shah Abbas II correspondences reveal numerous aspects, politicial, diplomatic, religious, socio-cultural etc, and throw a flood of light on their relations, culture and society in the Deccan.