Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) process has become the basis of development agenda of the nations. The role of STI is well recognised in bringing about the transition of relatively lower end economic performance into high value added activities. In this scenario, the governments and industry professionals as well as those in non-governmental organisations in a large number of developing countries face problems in meeting the challenges from the fast pace of technological changes, whereas for designing the blueprints and strategic implementation frameworks to provide a planned transformation within countries and organisations, it is absolutely critical to have experts who understand the dynamics of science and technology within the context of economic and market development. In order to discuss the above issues, the Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries (NAM S&T Centre) organised an International Training Programme on STI Policy and Management for Developing Countries (ITPS) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on 8–12 August 2016. The main objective of the training programme was to impart necessary knowledge and skills to participants in the development and management of a national STI policy in support of social-economic transformation. This programme brought various stakeholders, viz. scientists, experts and professionals from various countries with emerging economies together to hone up their skills on STI Policy. This book comprises 13 papers from the researchers and professionals of 12 countries. The book is expected to be of great value to the researchers, policy makers and government officials of the developing countries who are engaged in international science and technology cooperation and deal with diplomatic negotiations on S&T affairs.