The Syrian conflict is a war of a new type, with many dimensions, strategic goals and rivalries, one of which is the regional struggle between Saudi Arabia and Iran. This rivalry is part of wider ideological and military conflict between Western imperialism allied with Zionism to defeat the Syrian government, and Hezbollah, Syria and Iran which comprise of the 'Axis of Resistance'. This is a quest to achieve regional domination. This question of the regional rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran is central to understanding the nature and dynamics of the Syrian conflict and has mostly been overlooked in serious analysis of the war. Rather, any other analysis has focused on a Sunni-Shi'ite division, but what this book explores, is that the underlying rivalry has far deeper roots incorporating imperialism, regional hegemony and resource rivalry.