The defence capability of a nation rests upon its weapons and ammunition system, weapons for brevity, and the armed forces confidence in their effective utilisation. Designing weapons goes beyond drawings and simulations as accurately simulating transient impulsive loading conditions is impractical. Test Ranges, Ranges for brevity, play a pivotal role by resolving these challenges through actual firings, facilitating incremental developments and final acceptance of weapons. The capabilities of a range are intimately tied to the weapon itself. The book introduces weapons with the necessary details to comprehend range functioning. It covers weapon types, complexities, payload delivery, propulsion sysems, target neutralisation, safety, reliability, life cycle, performance in extreme climates, and high speed impacts. The book explores the attributes of an ideal Range and discusses qualitative and quantitative methods for assessing weapon performance. It delves into Range infrastructure, techniques, and the establishment of the Proof & Experimental Establishment (PXE) in 1895, supported by visual aids such as photographs, tables, case studies, and anecdotes.