The life begins before the actual birth. The concept of care of life and prevention from diseases must be extended before conception i.e. before Union of Shukra. Shonita and Jeewatma. The Neonatology is the branch of pediatrics that deals with the care of health of healthy newborn as well as prevention/cure from disease fulfilling the principles of Ayurveda: In Ayurveda the topics related with perinatology are described in detail, like Pumsawana samskaras, Masanumasika fetal development, Garbhini paricharya, Seemantonayana samskaras as well as Balochita samskaras. The idea to write a book on 'Navjata Shishu Paricharya' originated in mind by inspiration of my mentor Prof. P.V. Tewari, Former Dean Faculty of Ayurveda and my teacher Prof. B.M. Singh, Head, Department of Kaumarbhritya. Also I feel that the need of present era to organize the opinion of Acharya's of Ayurveda system of medicine and opinion of present neonatologist as well as perinatologist in book, which will help the neonatologist and perinatologist of both the system, in the management as well as care of newborn and reduce the fetal death and neonatal mortality rate (NMR). Ayurveda flowrished through Guru-shishya tradition in Gurukula system and it is based on Adhyayan (self study), Adhyapana (teaching) and Tadvid sambhasa (healthy discussion). In this book entitled 'Care of the Neonate' I have tried to incorporate the topics related with 'Navjat Shishu Paricharya' is a part of syllabus of Kaumarbhritya/Balroga, based on revised syllabus of Central Council of Indian Medicine, New Delhi. I have tried to present correlation of opinion on each topics of Ayurveda and Modern System of Medicine. In this book I have covered the topics such as: Prepregnency care, Common maternal disorders and Fetal outcome, Care of the Normal newborns, Care of the Low birthweight babies, Examination of the Newborn, Navjat Shishu Paricharya, Perinatal injuries, Temperature regulation. Feeding and Nutrition, Assessment of Fetal distress, Post resuscitation care, Childhood samskaras, Neonatal jaundice, Neonatal sepsis and Neonatal anemia etc. This book will be helpful in care and management of Newborns to the Pediatricians of Ayurveda system of Medicine, MD (Ay) scholars in Kaumarbhritya, Students of PG Diploma D.Ch. (Ay), PGDNC (Ay), Practitioners in field of Kaumarbhritya and Students of BAMS in increasing their knowledge. Any suggestions and constructive criticism to improve this book will be greatefully acknowledged and is always welcome for improving the future editions.