The patterns of childhood disease through out the world are changing with advancing knowledge, altering standards of living, lifestyle and rising levels of medical care. The origin of physical and mental health and disease lie predominantly in the early development of child. Most of the abnormalities affecting the health and behaviour of children are determined prenatally or in first few years of life by genetic and environmental factors. The author has summarized the current knowledge of causation and has indicated where health education might have reduced the burden of childhood ill health. We seek in this book to provide practical advice about diagnosis, investigation and management of full spectrum childhood disorders both medical and surgical. Kaumarbhritya (Ayurveda pediatric) is evolving since last few decades and in this book its our attempt for close and authenticate correlation of Ayurveda Kaumarbhritya with modern pediatrics to make subject student friendly and to uplift the level of knowledge of Kaumarbhritya scholar. We have made sincere effects to explore the horizon of Kaumarbhritya on modern parlance.