Fifty years after the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971, it is time to recollect the great military campaigns and reflect on the lessons and changes that have helped make India a stronger power. The two-front 13-day war began with the anticipated Pakistan Air Force (PAF) pre-emptive strike on December 3, 1971. Code-named “Operation Chengiz Khan”, the PAF targeted 11 Indian Air Force (IAF) airbases and other installations. This also paved the way for India’s formal entry into the war for East Pakistan’s Independence, and ultimately, creation of Bangladesh. The war ended with surrender of Pakistan’s Eastern Command in Dhaka on December 16, 1971 and over 93,000 Pakistani personnel were taken prisoner. The IAF was engaged in every facet of air operations, and air power was indeed a significant contributor to the historic victory. The 1971 air war was one among the last in which classic close combat took place between two major Air Forces. The air war saw clear air superiority being established against a major Air Force. The war ended with the birth of a nation. It was also the largest surrender of a force after the Second World War. The book records the diverse aspects of the air operations during the war in correct perspective and explores the lessons highlighting some outstanding examples of jointmanship. The book revisits India’s national strategy during that period, and analyses how the 1971 War altered Pakistan’s strategic posture that we see today. Contents Foreword Preface Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations 1. ACM PC Lal: The Quiet Orchestrator:The Eagle’s View Anil Chopra 2. ‘Squaring Off’: The Balance of Forces and its Implications Vikram Singh 3. Offensive Operations in the West: A Calibrated Approach VK ‘Jimmy’ Bhatia 4. Offensive Air Operations in the Eastern Theatre: The Coercive Impact and Some Lessons Harish Masand 5. Air-Land Operations in the East: The Game Changer Arjun Subramaniam 6. The Battle of Longewala: The Quick Response and Decisive Impact of Air Power Bharat Kumar 7. The Bombing Saga: Canberra and Antonov-12 Operations in the 1971 War PVS Jagan Mohan 8. Game-Changing Helicopter Employment Rajesh Isser 9. Forward Air Controllers: Significant Operational Role HK Bajaj 10. Operational Approach and Psyche of Pakistan Air Force Diptendu Choudhury 11. How did the 1971 War Alter Pakistan’s Strategic Posture? Shalini Chawla 12. Fifty Years after the 1971 War: Revisiting India’s National Strategy Kapil Kak 13. Nuclear Weapons and Conventional War: Changes in Indo-Pak Dynamics from 1971 to 2021 Manpreet Sethi Narratives and Interactions Roaring MiGs of No. 28 Squadron: An Interaction with AVM BK BishnoiVrC& Bar (Retd) RR Chaudhary Operation Kilo Flight: Night Attack by Otter Aircraft ShamsulAlam Chronology of Air Action: Indo-Pak War of 1971 The List of Iaf Gallantry Award (PVX, MVC and VrC) Winners – 1971 Ops Contributors