The book argues that the conduct and content of China's South Asia policy has undergone are markable transformation over the years. From being a relatively marginal player in South Asia, China's proactive regional posture since the beginning of the new millennium is reflected in almost all policy spheres — economic, diplomatic, and security. Today, China's strategic preoccupation with South Asia has become an important expression of its“peaceful development” strategy along with its quest for status and identity. In the pursuit of its 'national interest', the current diplomatic practice of the PRC has highly prioritized the notion of reassurance and cooperative engagement that aims at enhancing interactions and interdependence and mitigating security dilemma in its relations with South Asian states. This process has operated in conjunction with its bilateral and multilateral engagements with the states in South Asia.