This work attempts to critically examine the empirical method adopted in the modern social sciences evolving in the historical context of post-medieval European society. It highlights the points of conflict that this method has with the Islamic worldview which created and sustained a distinct Islamic society on the Madinan model. After outlining the singular features of Islamic society, it argues for adopting a new method based on the primacy of Islamic criteria of truth and reality. Author: Muhammad Al-Ghazali has been Professor at the International Islamic Universities in Pakistan and Malaysia. Currently, he is Judge and Member, Shariat Appellate Bench at the Supreme Court of Pakistan. His writings include "The Socio-Political Thought of Shah Wali Allah".