This book reports not only on the various major international trends and methodologies in Anthropology, like the initial British tradition of studying tribes and castes in their colonies for the purposes of better colonial administration, the American tradition of village studies : Levy-Strauss' Functional, Structural Principle, etc., but also on particular national and regional styles of anthropology and situations peculiar to various countries. It reflects upon the major trends in the genesis and development of Anthropology as a science through these congresses, particularly the amalgamation of the two main trends of internationalization and parochialization which has greatly contributed to the tremendous growth of anthropology and made it possible to hold its Xth Congress in a developing country. About Author : Lalita Prasad Vidyarthi (b. 1931) received his doctorate from the University of Chicago and is now Professor and Chairman of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Ranchi, India. Currently (1974-1978) he is the President of the International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences and of the 10th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences to be held in India in 1978. Dr. Vidyarthi is the President of the Indian Anthropological Association, a Founder-Member of the Indian Council of Social Sciences Research, Chairman of the Task Force on Development of Tribal Areas of the Planning Commission, and a Member of the Central Council on Tribal Research Institute of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. He is Founder-Editor of The Journal of Social Research, The Indian Anthropologist, and The Research Journal of Ranchi University. His major fields of research are the Tribal Culture of India including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands; Urban-Industrial political, and action Anthropology; Indian Civilization, the History of Indian Culture, Folklore, village studies and History of Anthropological Theories. He has to his credit several internationally popular books.