Water Resources and Environmental Sustainability” is the timely publication. Differences in availability of water among the regions, the magnitude of variability, the timing and duration of high and low supply of water and its many uses have significant implications on natural ecosystems which are of fundamental importance to human well-being and development. The book outlines water in 21st century, revisits the water resources management policy, critically analyzes the water crisis agenda, addresses the generic and region-specific issues, assesses the reasons for market failure in water resources planning and incidence of massive water crisis. The improvement in water use efficiency, conjunctive and judicious use of water, harnessing of surface and ground water resources in a coordinated way, strategies for environmental protection, management of integrated water resources, adherence to efficiency plan, stability and sustainability of environment and importance of National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog are the major focal points that got momentum in the book. The book recommends to (i) prioritize the development of IWRM and water efficiency measures with the help of supporting agencies; (ii) implement policies and plans once they have been developed; (iii) establish roadmaps and financing strategies for the implementation of their plans and (iv) evaluate, monitor and share through global coordination mechanisms.