The Indian society has been based on traditions that are centred around the women in the family. Despite their crucial role and contribution for the sustenance and survival of the society, women have been neglected and suppressed. However, owing to numerous efforts by the civil society, the position and status of women has been changing rapidly in post-independent India. This has been made possible through the provisions of the Constitution and consistent efforts of social reformers and leaders of social justice. It has gained momentum especially after the provision of 33 per cent reservation for women in Panchayat Raj and Municipal Administration through 73rd and 74th Amendments to the Indian Constitution. As a result, women have entered into public domain at grass-roots governance and their contribution is gaining importance. Despite the increased participation of women leaders in Panchayat Raj, their leadership has not been as effective as expected due to several socio-economic and cultural factors. This study attempts to understand the role of women leaders in grass-roots governance, i.e. Panchayat Raj. Further, it also examines the relationship between social background and awareness of elected women leaders and their perception of the problems of participation and aptitude for performance at grass-roots governance, especially in rural Telangana. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Methodology 3. Socio-Economic Background of the Respondents 4. Awareness of Emerging Women Leaders in Grass-roots Governance 5. Political Aptitude and Aspirations of Women 6. Perception and Process of Participation of Women 7. Problems and Performance of Women in Grass-roots Governance 8. Findings and Conclusions